新航道上海學校SAT培訓班小編繼續(xù)給大家?guī)鞸AT文法第十五期，每期分享3-5個文法知識點，幫助大家更好地備考SAT。

  一、連接詞

  1. 含義：

  主要考察連詞的句內(nèi)關(guān)系和副詞的句間關(guān)系。

  2. 類型：

  (1)副詞的句間關(guān)系：同義關(guān)系

  ①因果關(guān)系

  1) 原因：result from, for this reason, for these reasons, to illustrate

  2) 結(jié)果：therefore, hence, thus, as a result, consequently, thereby, result in, as a consequence, overall

  ②遞進關(guān)系

  1) furthermore, as a matter of fact, in fact, moreover, indeed, further, especially, accurately, at that time, in that process, interestingly, particularly=in particular

  ③并列關(guān)系

  1) also, on a similar note另一個案例，on top of 另外

  ④例證關(guān)系

  1) for example, for instance, in this case, likewise, by the same token, in the same manner

  3. 用法

  (1)句間關(guān)系副詞：同義關(guān)系

  由于句間關(guān)系詞將上下句連接起來，在同義關(guān)系中，重點看前后句的邏輯關(guān)系。

  1)因果：上句一般是原因，下句一般是結(jié)果;

  2)遞進：上下句描述一件事，下句是對上句的詳細描述;

  3)并列：上下句是同類型的并列的兩件事;

  4)例證：下句是一件新的，并且與上句類似的事。

  例如1：可汗57篇32頁第7題

  If a petroleum engineer is able to contribute to an increase in this rate of just a fraction of a percentage, it can mean millions of additional barrels of oil; thus, the demand for the expertise of a petroleum engineer is understandable.

  解析：上句說如果一位石油工程師能夠貢獻自己的一份力，那么這就意味著數(shù)百萬桶石油，而下句說對于石油工程師的需求是可以理解的;上句說出了事情的起因，后面對于石油工程師的需求是結(jié)果。

  真題檢測

  真題檢測 1

  (16-03NA Q3) Its ability to thrive out of the water as well as in it stems largely from certain physical adaptions that are generally not observed in other fish. In particular, bimodal respiration—the ability of acquiring oxygen using gills or through wet skin—sets mudskippers apart from their purely water-based counterparts.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. Nevertheless,

  C. Similarly,

  D. By contrast,

  解析：通過題中的in particular看出是副詞的考點，根據(jù)“上下句描述一件事，下句是對上句的詳細描述”的原則判斷是遞進關(guān)系。下句的bimodal respiration是對上句ability to thrive的詳細描述;而nevertheless然而、similarly相似和by contrast與之相比這三項都不符合句意，所以選A。

  注：16-03NA Q3指2016年03月北美的第3題，下同。

  真題檢測 2

  (16-03NA Q3) Bimodal respiration makes it possible for mudskippers to live in areas subject to drastic changes in water level and chemical composition. Despite this, mudskippers thrive in intertidal regions that are marked by regular, cyclical changes in water levels, adjusting its respiration depending on how much water is available.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. Overall,

  C. As an additional benefit,

  D. In fact,

  解析：通過題中的despite this看出是副詞的考點，根據(jù)“上下句描述一件事，下句是對上句的詳細描述”的原則判斷是遞進關(guān)系。下句的thrive in intertidal regions是對上句可能在急劇變化的地區(qū)生存的詳細描述;而despite盡管、overall全部和as an additional benefit作為額外的利益這三項都不符合句意，所以選D。

  真題檢測 3

  (16-06NA Q19) Many students themselves are aware of the pitfalls associated with unpaid internships and, in some instances, are speaking out. Conversely, in 2013, a pair of students at New York University created a petition asking the school’s career center to remove advertisements for unpaid internships from its website.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. However,

  C. For example,

  D. Moreover,

  解析：通過題中的conversely看出是副詞的考點，根據(jù)“下句是一件新的，并且與上句類似的事”的原則判斷是例證關(guān)系。上句說到學生意識到了無償實習的陷阱，下句舉了紐約大學學生們請愿去撤銷無償陷阱的廣告，是對上句的舉例說明;而conversely相反、however然而和moreover并且這三項都不符合句意，所以選C。

  真題檢測 4

  (16-06NA Q32) Because the needs of jazz composers and musicians differed from those of classical musicians, Zildjian worked with drummer Gene Krupa to adapt cymbals for a drum kit. For example, they designed some smaller cymbals, paired the downsize cymbals.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. However,

  C. Therefore,

  D. Instead,

  解析：通過題中的for example看出是副詞的考點，根據(jù)“下句是一件新的，并且與上句類似的事”的原則判斷是例證關(guān)系。上句說到由于爵士樂的作曲家和音樂家需求的不同，Z和GK開始將鐃鈸和鼓改編，下句說他們具體是怎么做的，所以是對上句的舉例說明;而however然而、therefore因此和instead而是這三項都不符合句意，所以選A。

  真題檢測 5

  (16-06NA Q42) The shift parallels a warming trend of daily maximum temperatures over the same period and has caused speculation as to whether peers will be heard on progressively earlier dates if global temperatures continue to rise. In a surprising twist, the writer of a March 2013 Washington Post article, referring wittily to scientists Priva Nanjappa’s experience of hearing spring peepers on 50-plus-degress days in December.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. Despite all of this evidence,

  C. On a similar note,

  D. By contrast,

  解析：通過題中的in a surprising twist看出是副詞的考點，根據(jù)“上下句是同類型的并列的兩件事”的原則判斷是并列關(guān)系。上下句講的都是關(guān)于spring peers的叫聲提早了的事，所以是同類的事;而in a surprising twist出乎意料的是、despite all of this evidence盡管所有的這些證據(jù)和by contrast與之相比這三項都不符合句意，所以選C。

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